Enhancing Collaboration in the Project Lifecycle: Addressing BIM-based VR Challenges and Barriers

Abstract: Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Virtual Reality (VR) integration offers significant potential to enhance collaboration throughout the AECO project lifecycle. However, practical implementation faces challenges, including equipment constraints, technical limitations, user experience issues, and policy gaps. This study systematically reviews 36 articles, classifying these barriers and identifying key challenges and future directions in this area. The findings highlight interaction and interoperability as critical challenges, with future research needed in real-time multi-user collaboration, automated BIM-VR data synchronization, and user-friendly systems. Addressing these gaps will maximize the potential of BIM-based VR, fostering effective multidisciplinary collaboration and innovation in the AECO industry.